謝孟媛中級文法35 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBCsjRnZnPw
3. 比較級
3.1 ~比較級 than (比、更)
3.1.1 例句：狗比貓更聰明
→ Dogs are cleverer than cats.
= A dog is cleverer than a cat.
✽注意：非特定的群組，可用單數也可用複數
3.1.2 例句：她英文說得比我好
→ She can speak English better than I (can).
= She can speak English better than me.
✽注意：than 後面可以用主格或受格
✽注意：說某種語言用 speak
✽注意：說謊、說故事用 tell
3.2 ~ the 比較級 + of the two (或 twin、parents)(兩者中較~)
3.2 例句：這把吉他是兩把中較好的
→ This quitar is the better of the two.
✽注意：比較級通常之前不加 the，只有在比較範圍限制在兩者中。
3.2.1 例句：這把吉他是三把中最好的
→ This quitar is the best of the three.
✽注意：最高級前面必加 the
3.3 強調比較級
3.3.0 強調比較級的字：much, even, a lot, a little...等
3.3.1 例句：他家比我家大得多
→ His house is much larger than mine.
✽注意：容量大用 large，體積大用 big，定一包大薯條用 large
✽注意：這句裡形容房子可用 large 也可用 big
3.3.2 例句：你在大城市裡將可找到比在小鎮裡多更多的遊樂場
→ You will find many more amusements in big cities than in small towns.
✽注意：這句裡 more amusements是 many amusements的比較級
✽注意：強調 more amusements 用 many，因為amusement 可數
3.4 ~ less 原級 than (比 ~ 較不 ~)
✽注意：劣等比較用原級
3.4.1 例句：搭公車去不如搭計程車貴
→ Going by bus is not as expensive as going by taxi.
= Going by taxi is more expensive than going by bus.
= Going by bus is less expensive than going by taxi.
✽注意：less 譯作：較不~
謝孟媛中級文法36 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zzfi5eUaXJg
3.4.2 例句：比起米飯，泡麵較不營養
→ Instant noodles are less nutritious than rice.
✽注意：noodle 可數，但正常狀況吃都是複數
✽注意：速食麵是：instant noodles
快速供餐(速食餐)：fast food
3.5 省略 than + 對象
3.5.1 例句：今年我必須更努力學英文，因為我是個三年級學生了
→ I have to study English harder this year because I am a third year student.
✽注意：三年級用 third year student，絕不可用 three year
不論小學、中學都可用
✽注意：這裡的 harder 是修飾 study 的比較級副詞
✽注意：這裡對象都是同樣一個人，所以不用 than
3.5.2 例句： 為什麼你不用一把比較銳利的刀子
→ Why don't you use a sharper knife?
✽注意：這裡 sharper 是跟手上那把比較，但不用再用 than
3.6 more ~ than ~ (譯作：與其 ~ 不如 ~)
3.6.1 例句： 她與其說是生氣不如說是難過
→ She was more sad than angry.
✽注意：不管單音節或多音節的形容詞，在此都加 more
✽注意：既然有 more，後面單音節不可在加 er
3.6.2 例句：與其說是稱讚不如說是討好
→ It is more flettery than praise.
3.7 比較級 and 比較級 (譯作：越來越~、漸漸~)
3.7.1 例句：天色越來越暗 = 天色漸漸變暗
→ It's getting darker and darker.
3.7.2 例句：大學入學考變得越來越難
→ Entrance exams are becomin more and more difficult.
3.8 the 比較級 ~ the 比較級 (譯作：越 形容詞A 越 形容詞B)
3.8.1 例句：年紀漸大，記憶漸差
→ The older we grow, the weaker our memory becomes.
3.8.2 例句：我們越常在一起，越快樂 (出自童謠，當我們同在一起)
→ The more we get together, the happier will be.
3.8.3 例句：我等越久越沒耐心
→ The longer I waited, the less patient I became.
3.8.4 例句：你有越多時間，就能做越多工作
→ The more time you have, the more work you can do.
3.8.5 例句：多多益善
→ The more, the better.
3.9 all the 比較級 for + 名詞 / because + S + V
3.9.1 例句：因為誠實我們更尊敬他
→ We repect him (all) the more for his honesty.
= We repect him (all) the more because he's honest.
✽注意：the more 是修飾 repect 的副詞比較級
3.9.2 例句：因為她是個母親，工作更賣力
→ She works all the harder because she is a mother.
3.9.3 例句：雖然他成為一個父親，他並沒有比較努力工作
→ He worked none the harder because he became a father.
3.10 much less ~ 更不用說 ~
3.10.1 例句：我不喜歡數學更不用說物理
→ I don't like mathematics, much less physics.
✽注意：mathematics 雖字尾有 s，但只一個科目，動詞用單數
Mathematics is not hard.
Physics is harder than mathematics.
3.10.2 例句：這老人無法走更別說跑
The old man can't even walk, much less run.
3.11 有比較級含意的字，不能用比較級，後面介係詞用 to
superior to ~(譯作：優秀)
inferior(譯作：劣於)、senior to ~
junior, major, minor、prior, posterior
✽注意：my inferiors (譯作：我的下屬、我的晚輩)
✽注意：junior high school 國中
✽注意：senior high school 高中
3.11.1 例句：他比我大五歲
→ He is five years older than I (am).
= He is five years older than me.
= He is five years senior to me.
= He is senior to me by five years.
3.12 prefer(譯作：比較喜歡)，是動詞後面接動名詞
prefer Ving to Ving
3.12 例句：我比較喜歡運動，甚於看運動比賽
→ I prefer playing sports to watching them.
3.13 more or less (譯作：多多少少)，修飾形容詞的副詞
3.13 例句：我們猜測多多少少是對的
→ Our guess was more or less correct.
3.14 sooner or later (譯作：遲早)，副詞可獨立
3.14 例句：遲早你會找到你失蹤的孩子
→ Sooner or later you'll find your missing child.
2015年9月10日 星期四
謝孟媛中級文法33~35 → 原級 (形容詞和副詞)
謝孟媛中級文法33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ohAF0ZLvY
2.0 原級(形容詞和副詞)
2.1 ~ as 原級 as ~ (像~一樣)，前面的as是副詞，解釋成一樣
2.1.1 例句：運動像課業一樣重要
→ Sports are as important as studies.
✽注意：中英文的順序有別
2.1.2 例句：他是像他父親一樣好的人
→ He is as nice a person as his father.
✽注意：一個好人 a nice person，但這句 as是副詞， 後面要接形容詞或副詞，所以 nice 往前挪
2.2 ~ not as (so) as ~ (不像~一樣)
2.2.1 例句：他不像他哥哥一樣努力工作
→ He does not work as hard as his brother (does).
✽注意：hard 是副詞，修飾 work
2.2.2 例句：日本製的電動玩具不像台灣製的那麼貴
→ The Japanese video game is not so expensive as the Taiwanese one.
✽注意：這句的 one 指 video game
✽注意：這句的 so 也可用 as
2.3 ~ as many / much + 名詞 + as (像~一樣多的)
2.3.1 例句：她有和她姊姊一樣多的洋裝
→ She has as many dresses as her sister (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 has，可省略
2.3.2 例句：我認識的人不像她那麼多
→ I don't know as many people as she (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 knows，可省略
2.4 ~ times as ~ as ~ (多~倍)
2.4.1.1 例句：這座橋是那座橋的兩倍長
→ The bridge is two times as long as that one.
✽注意：兩次可用 twice = two times
但兩倍不能用 twice
2.4.1.2 例句：那座橋是這座橋的一半長
→ That bridge is half as long as this one.
✽注意：half /h'æf/ 其中 l 不發因
2.4.2.1 進口書的價格是台灣書籍的三倍
→ Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books.
✽注意：這句的 cost 是動詞，指值
2.4.2.1 台灣書籍的價格是進口書的三分之一
→ Taiwanese books cost one third as much as imported books.
✽注意：三分之一是：one third，三分之二是：two thirds
✽注意：可用length(長度)，width(寬度), height(高度), depth(深度), size(大小), weight(重量) 等名詞來表現倍數
謝孟媛中級文法34 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRgHiD4qib8
2.4.3 例句：這箱子是那個的四分之一大
→ This box is one quarter as large as that one.
= This box is one quarter the size of that one.
2.5 as ~ as possible(= one can) 盡可能地
2.5.1 例句：盡快報警
→ Call the police as soon as possible.
= Call the police as soon as you can.
✽注意： police 天生複數，指警方，前面要加 the
✽注意： soon 指時間的快
✽注意： a.s.a.p ASAP = as soon as possible
2.5.2 例句：我告訴他要盡早回家
→ I told him to come home as early as possible.
= I told him to come home as early as he could.
✽注意：這時，我若在家講用 come home，若在外面用 go home
✽注意：tell 後面接的動詞須改為不定詞
✽注意：前面 told是過去式，所以後面 could 也是過去式
2.6 as ~ as 的習慣用語，下面的名詞不能亂改
2.6.1 as busy as a bee (譯成：非常忙碌)
2.6.2 as cool as a cucumber (譯成：極端冷靜)
2.6.3 as cunning as a fox (譯成：十分狡猾)
2.6.4 as dead as a doornail (譯成：了無生息)
2.6.5 as flat as a pancake (譯成：非常平坦)
2.6.6 as sweet as honey (譯成：非常甜美)
2.6.7 as like as two peas (譯成：非常相似)
2.6.7 例句：這對雙胞胎十分相像
→ The twins are as like as two peas.
✽注意：doornail 釘在門上的釘子
✽注意：pancake 煎餅、pea 豆子
2.7 not so much ~ as ~ (與其說 ~ 不如說 ~ )
2.7.1 例句：與其說是犯罪，不如說是過失
→ It was not so much a crime as a mistake.
= It was rather a mistake than a crime.
= It was a mistake rather than a crime.
2.8 not so much as ~ (就連 ~ 也不 ~)
= without so much as ~
2.8.1 例句：這男人就連道歉都沒跟我說 (加強語氣)
→ The man didn't so much as apologize to me.
✽注意：若單獨陳述 The man didn't apologize to me.
2.8.2 例句：他離開我，沒有說聲謝謝
→ He left me without so much as saying thanks.
✽注意：若溫和陳述 He left me without saying thanks.
2.9 as ~ as ever (依舊)
2.9.1 例句：她看起來依舊很快樂
→ She looks as happy as ever.
✽注意：問過去的經驗 did 主詞 ever ~
✽注意：平常的經驗 do 主詞 ever ~
2.9.2 例句：他是有史以來最偉大的藝術家
→ He is as great an artist as ever lived.
✽注意：中文有最，但 as 後面用原級
2.10 as ~ as any + 單數名詞 (像任何人一樣)
2.10.1 例句：他像村子裡任何人一樣努力工作
→ He is as hardworking as any (person) in the village.
✽注意：hardworking 是形容詞
✽注意：這句 person可省略
2.11 as many/much as + 數詞(多達~)
2.11.1 例句：有多達五萬隻的鳥在這裡過冬
→ As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
✽注意：thousand、hundred 前面數字超過一也不加 s
謝孟媛中級文法35 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBCsjRnZnPw
2.11.2 例句：這件毛衣我付了多達200元 (強調語氣)
→ I paid as much as 200 dollars for this sweater.
✽注意：付錢買東西 ：pay + 錢 + for + 物
✽注意：講這句話的人士強調多的語氣
2.12.1 例句： 廣播早在1920開始
→ Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
2.12.2 例句： 他一月看電影多達三次 (強調頻率)
→ He goes to movies as often as three time a month.
2.13 as many/much ~ (同數/量)
2.13.1 例句：我在六行裡找到了六個錯誤 (前後兩數一樣)
→ I found six mistakes in as many lines.
2.13.2 例句：旅行團在五天內造訪了五個城市
→ The tour group visited five cities as many days.
2.14 as good as ~ (幾乎等於 ~)
2.14.1 例句：這房子買的好，就像買棟新的
→ This house is a great buy. It's as good as new.
2.14.2 例句：他的車子幾乎等於一堆垃圾
→ His car is as good as a piece junk.
✽注意：垃圾食物 junk food
2.0 原級(形容詞和副詞)
2.1 ~ as 原級 as ~ (像~一樣)，前面的as是副詞，解釋成一樣
2.1.1 例句：運動像課業一樣重要
→ Sports are as important as studies.
✽注意：中英文的順序有別
2.1.2 例句：他是像他父親一樣好的人
→ He is as nice a person as his father.
✽注意：一個好人 a nice person，但這句 as是副詞， 後面要接形容詞或副詞，所以 nice 往前挪
2.2 ~ not as (so) as ~ (不像~一樣)
2.2.1 例句：他不像他哥哥一樣努力工作
→ He does not work as hard as his brother (does).
✽注意：hard 是副詞，修飾 work
2.2.2 例句：日本製的電動玩具不像台灣製的那麼貴
→ The Japanese video game is not so expensive as the Taiwanese one.
✽注意：這句的 one 指 video game
✽注意：這句的 so 也可用 as
2.3 ~ as many / much + 名詞 + as (像~一樣多的)
2.3.1 例句：她有和她姊姊一樣多的洋裝
→ She has as many dresses as her sister (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 has，可省略
2.3.2 例句：我認識的人不像她那麼多
→ I don't know as many people as she (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 knows，可省略
2.4 ~ times as ~ as ~ (多~倍)
2.4.1.1 例句：這座橋是那座橋的兩倍長
→ The bridge is two times as long as that one.
✽注意：兩次可用 twice = two times
但兩倍不能用 twice
2.4.1.2 例句：那座橋是這座橋的一半長
→ That bridge is half as long as this one.
✽注意：half /h'æf/ 其中 l 不發因
2.4.2.1 進口書的價格是台灣書籍的三倍
→ Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books.
✽注意：這句的 cost 是動詞，指值
2.4.2.1 台灣書籍的價格是進口書的三分之一
→ Taiwanese books cost one third as much as imported books.
✽注意：三分之一是：one third，三分之二是：two thirds
✽注意：可用length(長度)，width(寬度), height(高度), depth(深度), size(大小), weight(重量) 等名詞來表現倍數
謝孟媛中級文法34 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRgHiD4qib8
2.4.3 例句：這箱子是那個的四分之一大
→ This box is one quarter as large as that one.
= This box is one quarter the size of that one.
2.5 as ~ as possible(= one can) 盡可能地
2.5.1 例句：盡快報警
→ Call the police as soon as possible.
= Call the police as soon as you can.
✽注意： police 天生複數，指警方，前面要加 the
✽注意： soon 指時間的快
✽注意： a.s.a.p ASAP = as soon as possible
2.5.2 例句：我告訴他要盡早回家
→ I told him to come home as early as possible.
= I told him to come home as early as he could.
✽注意：這時，我若在家講用 come home，若在外面用 go home
✽注意：tell 後面接的動詞須改為不定詞
✽注意：前面 told是過去式，所以後面 could 也是過去式
2.6 as ~ as 的習慣用語，下面的名詞不能亂改
2.6.1 as busy as a bee (譯成：非常忙碌)
2.6.2 as cool as a cucumber (譯成：極端冷靜)
2.6.3 as cunning as a fox (譯成：十分狡猾)
2.6.4 as dead as a doornail (譯成：了無生息)
2.6.5 as flat as a pancake (譯成：非常平坦)
2.6.6 as sweet as honey (譯成：非常甜美)
2.6.7 as like as two peas (譯成：非常相似)
2.6.7 例句：這對雙胞胎十分相像
→ The twins are as like as two peas.
✽注意：doornail 釘在門上的釘子
✽注意：pancake 煎餅、pea 豆子
2.7 not so much ~ as ~ (與其說 ~ 不如說 ~ )
2.7.1 例句：與其說是犯罪，不如說是過失
→ It was not so much a crime as a mistake.
= It was rather a mistake than a crime.
= It was a mistake rather than a crime.
2.8 not so much as ~ (就連 ~ 也不 ~)
= without so much as ~
2.8.1 例句：這男人就連道歉都沒跟我說 (加強語氣)
→ The man didn't so much as apologize to me.
✽注意：若單獨陳述 The man didn't apologize to me.
2.8.2 例句：他離開我，沒有說聲謝謝
→ He left me without so much as saying thanks.
✽注意：若溫和陳述 He left me without saying thanks.
2.9 as ~ as ever (依舊)
2.9.1 例句：她看起來依舊很快樂
→ She looks as happy as ever.
✽注意：問過去的經驗 did 主詞 ever ~
✽注意：平常的經驗 do 主詞 ever ~
2.9.2 例句：他是有史以來最偉大的藝術家
→ He is as great an artist as ever lived.
✽注意：中文有最，但 as 後面用原級
2.10 as ~ as any + 單數名詞 (像任何人一樣)
2.10.1 例句：他像村子裡任何人一樣努力工作
→ He is as hardworking as any (person) in the village.
✽注意：hardworking 是形容詞
✽注意：這句 person可省略
2.11 as many/much as + 數詞(多達~)
2.11.1 例句：有多達五萬隻的鳥在這裡過冬
→ As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
✽注意：thousand、hundred 前面數字超過一也不加 s
謝孟媛中級文法35 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBCsjRnZnPw
2.11.2 例句：這件毛衣我付了多達200元 (強調語氣)
→ I paid as much as 200 dollars for this sweater.
✽注意：付錢買東西 ：pay + 錢 + for + 物
✽注意：講這句話的人士強調多的語氣
2.12.1 例句： 廣播早在1920開始
→ Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
2.12.2 例句： 他一月看電影多達三次 (強調頻率)
→ He goes to movies as often as three time a month.
2.13 as many/much ~ (同數/量)
2.13.1 例句：我在六行裡找到了六個錯誤 (前後兩數一樣)
→ I found six mistakes in as many lines.
2.13.2 例句：旅行團在五天內造訪了五個城市
→ The tour group visited five cities as many days.
2.14 as good as ~ (幾乎等於 ~)
2.14.1 例句：這房子買的好，就像買棟新的
→ This house is a great buy. It's as good as new.
2.14.2 例句：他的車子幾乎等於一堆垃圾
→ His car is as good as a piece junk.
✽注意：垃圾食物 junk food
謝孟媛中級文法32 → 形容詞及副詞之比較
謝孟媛中級文法32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDBNqOiUqJc
(36:15起)
0.0 比較分三級，原級、比較級、最高級
1.0 比較變化：規則變化、不規則變化
1.1 規則變化
1.1.0 原級，比較級：原級 + er，最高級：原級 + est
1.1.0 例：tall, taller, tallest
young, younger, youngest
1.1.1 原級字尾有e：比較級：原級 + r，最高級：原級 + st
1.1.1 例：wise, wiser, wisest (明智的,慎慮的,聰明的)
large, larger, largest
1.1.2 短母音加子音，重複字尾的子音字母，再加：er, est
1.1.2 例：hot, hotter, hottest
big, bigger, biggest
wet, wetter, wettest (最潮濕的)
red, redder, reddest (最紅的)
1.1.3 子音 + y 的字，去y，再加：ier, iest
1.1.3 例：busy, busier, busiest
happy, happier, happiest
1.1.4 多音節(兩個以上)的字，前面加 more, most
1.1.4 例：careful, more careful, most careful
difficult, more difficult, most difficult
謝孟媛中級文法33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ohAF0ZLvY
1.2 不規則變化
1.2.0 這類不多，請乖乖背
1.2.1 例：good, better, best
well, better, best
1.2.2 例：bad, worse, worst
ill, worse, worst
1.2.3 例：many, more, most
much, more, most
1.2.4 例：little, less, least
✽注意：little 有兩個意思，小的、少的
1.2.5 一個字，有兩種比較級、最高級
1.2.5.1 far, farther, farthest 用來表示距離
far, further, furthest 用來表示距離、程度
1.2.5.1.1 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到羅馬遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris.
1.2.5.1.2 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到倫敦遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris is.
1.2.5.1.3 例句：你獲得進一步的消息嗎?
→ Did you get further information?
1.2.5.2 late, later, latest (用於指時間)
late, latter, last (用於指順序)
1.2.5.2.1 例句：他起床比平常晚
→ He got up later than usual.
1.2.5.2.2 例句：故事的後半部一點也不有趣
→ The latter part of the story was not interesting.
1.2.5.2.3 例句：從美國來的最新消息
→ This is the latest news from America.
✽注意：最新消息，這裡的最新不能用 newest，要用 last
✽注意：new 通常指物件新
1.2.5.2.4 例句：這是他最後的工作
→ This is his last work.
1.2.5.3 old, older, oldest (用於指年齡)
old, elder, eldest (用於指長幼)
1.2.5.3.1 例句：他比我年紀大
→ He is older than I.
1.2.5.3.2 例句：我的哥哥在台北
→ My elder brother is in Taipei.
✽注意：elder brother = older brother
(36:15起)
0.0 比較分三級，原級、比較級、最高級
1.0 比較變化：規則變化、不規則變化
1.1 規則變化
1.1.0 原級，比較級：原級 + er，最高級：原級 + est
1.1.0 例：tall, taller, tallest
young, younger, youngest
1.1.1 原級字尾有e：比較級：原級 + r，最高級：原級 + st
1.1.1 例：wise, wiser, wisest (明智的,慎慮的,聰明的)
large, larger, largest
1.1.2 短母音加子音，重複字尾的子音字母，再加：er, est
1.1.2 例：hot, hotter, hottest
big, bigger, biggest
wet, wetter, wettest (最潮濕的)
red, redder, reddest (最紅的)
1.1.3 子音 + y 的字，去y，再加：ier, iest
1.1.3 例：busy, busier, busiest
happy, happier, happiest
1.1.4 多音節(兩個以上)的字，前面加 more, most
1.1.4 例：careful, more careful, most careful
difficult, more difficult, most difficult
謝孟媛中級文法33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ohAF0ZLvY
1.2 不規則變化
1.2.0 這類不多，請乖乖背
1.2.1 例：good, better, best
well, better, best
1.2.2 例：bad, worse, worst
ill, worse, worst
1.2.3 例：many, more, most
much, more, most
1.2.4 例：little, less, least
✽注意：little 有兩個意思，小的、少的
1.2.5 一個字，有兩種比較級、最高級
1.2.5.1 far, farther, farthest 用來表示距離
far, further, furthest 用來表示距離、程度
1.2.5.1.1 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到羅馬遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris.
1.2.5.1.2 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到倫敦遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris is.
1.2.5.1.3 例句：你獲得進一步的消息嗎?
→ Did you get further information?
1.2.5.2 late, later, latest (用於指時間)
late, latter, last (用於指順序)
1.2.5.2.1 例句：他起床比平常晚
→ He got up later than usual.
1.2.5.2.2 例句：故事的後半部一點也不有趣
→ The latter part of the story was not interesting.
1.2.5.2.3 例句：從美國來的最新消息
→ This is the latest news from America.
✽注意：最新消息，這裡的最新不能用 newest，要用 last
✽注意：new 通常指物件新
1.2.5.2.4 例句：這是他最後的工作
→ This is his last work.
1.2.5.3 old, older, oldest (用於指年齡)
old, elder, eldest (用於指長幼)
1.2.5.3.1 例句：他比我年紀大
→ He is older than I.
1.2.5.3.2 例句：我的哥哥在台北
→ My elder brother is in Taipei.
✽注意：elder brother = older brother
2015年9月2日 星期三
謝孟媛中級文法31-32 → 及物動詞第五句型：S + V + O + C
謝孟媛中級文法31 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80uJqCVCUDs
(自09:10起)
及物動詞第五句型：S + V + O + C
請回顧第二句型：S + V + C
5.1 They found that stranger a spy.
✽注意：這裡的「a spy」是受詞補語(是名詞)
5.2 We must always keep the classroom clean.
✽注意：這裡的「clean」是受詞補語(是形容詞)
5.3 一直工作沒玩樂使得捷克變成呆瓜
→ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
✽注意：這裡是諺語，Jack不能改別的名字喔
✽注意：英文諺語有些固定名字，不能改，例：偷窺狂→ peeping Tom
5.4 明天我打算把我的房子漆成白色
→ I'm going to paint my house white tomorrow.
✽注意：「打算」要譯成 be going to
✽注意：大部分的及物動詞後面的受詞補語是：名詞、形容詞
但有些使役動詞、感官動詞它們可以用：不定詞、分詞 當它們的補語
5.5 使役動詞(一種命令或拜託)
5.5.1 叫~去做~，make (語氣較強硬)、have (語氣較緩和)
5.5.1.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 原形不定詞
例句：我沒辦法讓他了解
→ I can't make him understand it.
✽注意：這裡「understand」是原形不定詞，是補語
5.5.1.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：我沒辦法用英語表達自己
→ I can't make myself understood in English.
5.5.2 let
5.5.2.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：let + O + 原形不定詞
例句：他不讓他女兒獨自外出
→ He wouldn't let his daughter go out alone.
✽注意：讓我獨處 Let me alone.
✽注意：別碰我的東西 Leave my thing alone.
5.5.2.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：let + O + to be + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：他讓工作很快完成
→ He let the work be done soon.
5.5.3 get
5.5.3.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：get + O + to 不定詞
例句：你不需要自己做這件事，我會叫他幫你完成
→ You don't do it by yourself, I'll get him to help you to finish it.
✽注意：這句的 get形式受 will 決定
✽注意：這句的 help 形式受 get 決定
✽注意：這句的 finish 形式受 help 決定
✽注意：help 後面可以用 不定詞或原形都可以
5.5.3.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：get + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
5.5.4 have
5.5.4.1 純粹的被動
例句：我剪頭髮了(如果是別人剪的)
→ I have my hair cut.
✽注意：若自己剪就可以說 I cut my hair.
5.5.4.2 受害的意思
例句：我的錢被偷了
→ I have my money stolen.
5.6 感官動詞
→ 句型1：感官動詞 + O + V (原形動詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型2：感官動詞 + O + Ving (動名詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型3：感官動詞 + O + p.p. (過去分詞) → 代表被動
5.6.1 feel(感覺), see(看), watch(看)
✽注意：see 指眼睛基本功能的看，解釋眼睛看不能用進行式
不能講: I'm seeing a boy.
✽注意：watch 指長時間的看，如：watch TV
例句：我看見這男孩被他爸處罰
→ I saw the boy punished by his father.
✽注意：這裡被處罰，沒有 be 喔 !
5.6.2 look at(注意看、仔細看), notice(注意), observe(觀察)
5.6.3 hear(聽), listen to(仔細聽)
例句1：我聽見我媽在哼一個調子
→ I heard my mother humming a tune.
✽注意：聽到正在進行的事，才用 Ving (動名詞)
例句2：我聽到有東西在牆上碎裂的聲音
→ I heard something crash against the wall.
✽注意：在此 crash 是擬聲，碎裂的聲音
✽注意：「空難、墜機」譯成→ air crash
謝孟媛中級文法32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDBNqOiUqJc
翻譯練習1：經常示威(demonstration)已使台北的交通惡化(worse)
→ Frequent demonstrations have made the traffic in Taipei worse.
✽注意：陳述事實用名詞表現，所以這裡用demonstration
修飾名詞的就須用形容詞 frequent
因為經常示威，所以是複數 demonstrations
✽注意：陳述動作才用動詞表現，例如：他們為和平示威
They demonstated for peace.
翻譯練習2：孩子們總是認(consider)為他們家是天堂(heaven)
→ Children always consider their house a heaven.
✽注意：這裡 Children 前面有沒有加 the 都可以，
若講話時眼前有一群孩子，就加 the
✽注意：heaven 是可數的，所以這句要加冠詞
翻譯練習3：管理階層想要所有的員工準時(punctual)
→ The management want all the employees to be punctual.
✽注意：management 可譯成管理、管理階層
✽注意：employer(雇主)重音在第二音節
employee(員工)重音在第三音節
翻譯練習3.1：老師想要所有學生準時
→ The teacher wants all the students to be punctual.
(自09:10起)
及物動詞第五句型：S + V + O + C
請回顧第二句型：S + V + C
5.1 They found that stranger a spy.
✽注意：這裡的「a spy」是受詞補語(是名詞)
5.2 We must always keep the classroom clean.
✽注意：這裡的「clean」是受詞補語(是形容詞)
5.3 一直工作沒玩樂使得捷克變成呆瓜
→ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
✽注意：這裡是諺語，Jack不能改別的名字喔
✽注意：英文諺語有些固定名字，不能改，例：偷窺狂→ peeping Tom
5.4 明天我打算把我的房子漆成白色
→ I'm going to paint my house white tomorrow.
✽注意：「打算」要譯成 be going to
✽注意：大部分的及物動詞後面的受詞補語是：名詞、形容詞
但有些使役動詞、感官動詞它們可以用：不定詞、分詞 當它們的補語
5.5 使役動詞(一種命令或拜託)
5.5.1 叫~去做~，make (語氣較強硬)、have (語氣較緩和)
5.5.1.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 原形不定詞
例句：我沒辦法讓他了解
→ I can't make him understand it.
✽注意：這裡「understand」是原形不定詞，是補語
5.5.1.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：我沒辦法用英語表達自己
→ I can't make myself understood in English.
5.5.2 let
5.5.2.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：let + O + 原形不定詞
例句：他不讓他女兒獨自外出
→ He wouldn't let his daughter go out alone.
✽注意：讓我獨處 Let me alone.
✽注意：別碰我的東西 Leave my thing alone.
5.5.2.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：let + O + to be + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：他讓工作很快完成
→ He let the work be done soon.
5.5.3 get
5.5.3.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：get + O + to 不定詞
例句：你不需要自己做這件事，我會叫他幫你完成
→ You don't do it by yourself, I'll get him to help you to finish it.
✽注意：這句的 get形式受 will 決定
✽注意：這句的 help 形式受 get 決定
✽注意：這句的 finish 形式受 help 決定
✽注意：help 後面可以用 不定詞或原形都可以
5.5.3.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：get + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
5.5.4 have
5.5.4.1 純粹的被動
例句：我剪頭髮了(如果是別人剪的)
→ I have my hair cut.
✽注意：若自己剪就可以說 I cut my hair.
5.5.4.2 受害的意思
例句：我的錢被偷了
→ I have my money stolen.
5.6 感官動詞
→ 句型1：感官動詞 + O + V (原形動詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型2：感官動詞 + O + Ving (動名詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型3：感官動詞 + O + p.p. (過去分詞) → 代表被動
5.6.1 feel(感覺), see(看), watch(看)
✽注意：see 指眼睛基本功能的看，解釋眼睛看不能用進行式
不能講: I'm seeing a boy.
✽注意：watch 指長時間的看，如：watch TV
例句：我看見這男孩被他爸處罰
→ I saw the boy punished by his father.
✽注意：這裡被處罰，沒有 be 喔 !
5.6.2 look at(注意看、仔細看), notice(注意), observe(觀察)
5.6.3 hear(聽), listen to(仔細聽)
例句1：我聽見我媽在哼一個調子
→ I heard my mother humming a tune.
✽注意：聽到正在進行的事，才用 Ving (動名詞)
例句2：我聽到有東西在牆上碎裂的聲音
→ I heard something crash against the wall.
✽注意：在此 crash 是擬聲，碎裂的聲音
✽注意：「空難、墜機」譯成→ air crash
謝孟媛中級文法32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDBNqOiUqJc
翻譯練習1：經常示威(demonstration)已使台北的交通惡化(worse)
→ Frequent demonstrations have made the traffic in Taipei worse.
✽注意：陳述事實用名詞表現，所以這裡用demonstration
修飾名詞的就須用形容詞 frequent
因為經常示威，所以是複數 demonstrations
✽注意：陳述動作才用動詞表現，例如：他們為和平示威
They demonstated for peace.
翻譯練習2：孩子們總是認(consider)為他們家是天堂(heaven)
→ Children always consider their house a heaven.
✽注意：這裡 Children 前面有沒有加 the 都可以，
若講話時眼前有一群孩子，就加 the
✽注意：heaven 是可數的，所以這句要加冠詞
翻譯練習3：管理階層想要所有的員工準時(punctual)
→ The management want all the employees to be punctual.
✽注意：management 可譯成管理、管理階層
✽注意：employer(雇主)重音在第二音節
employee(員工)重音在第三音節
翻譯練習3.1：老師想要所有學生準時
→ The teacher wants all the students to be punctual.
2015年9月1日 星期二
謝孟媛中級文法29 → 及物動詞第三句型：S + V + O
謝孟媛中級文法29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DmDQaXq5W8
及物動詞第三句型：S + V + O
3.0 基本句型
例句1：我不懂他的意思
I didn't understand the meaning of his words.
例句2：這男人搶了他所有的錢
The man robbed him of all his money.
(亦即：He was robbed of all his money.)
✽注意："of all his money" 是修飾語
✽注意：搶(rob)的受詞是人，修飾語用 of 導引
偷(steal)的受詞是物，修飾語用 from 導引
例句3：我媽將會照顧這小狗
My mother will take care of the poppy.
✽注意：好好照顧 → take good care of (care是名詞)
✽注意：小心喔 → Take care !
✽注意：Take care 後面若無受詞，不可有介係詞 of
3.1 具同族受詞的動詞：v + 同族受詞
常用的如：dream, sleep, live, die, fight, smile
3.1.1例：
→ I dreamed a strange dream last night.
3.1.2例：在那柔軟的床上我睡了一個好覺
→ I slept a sound sleep in the soft bed.
✽注意：這裡的 sound 是形容詞，譯為：舒適、安逸的
✽注意：voice 只用於人的聲音，sound 可指各種聲音
3.1.3例：她生活不快樂
→ She lived in an unhappy life.
3.1.4例：他死得很慘
→ He died a miserable death.
3.1.5例：他們打了一場勝仗
→ They fought a good fight.
3.1.6例：她笑得很甜
→ She smiled a good smile.
✽注意：laugh 指大笑，smile 指微笑
✽注意：照相時請模特兒笑，要講：say cheese
翻譯練習 1：每天下午有個小販開著小貨車到我們社區來賣菜
→ Every afternoon a vendor drives a pickup to our community to sale vegetables.
✽注意：路邊攤 street vendor，小販 vendor
✽注意：小貨車 pickup，大貨車 truck，垃圾車 garbage truck
✽注意：摘蘋果 pick apple，挖鼻孔 pick norse
✽注意：撿蘋果 pick up apples ，(開車去)接妳 pick you up
✽注意：時間副詞大多擺在句尾，若強調要擺句首也可以
✽注意：「每天」、「每月」、「每年」都是習慣，用現在式
✽注意："to sell" 強調目的性，若順道賣才用 "and sell"
謝孟媛中級文法30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npozDmwA2Gs
翻譯練習 2：他認識我們附近的每一個人，而我們每個人也認識他
→ He knows every one of us in our neighborhood
and every one of us knows him, too.
✽注意：陳述事實用現代式
✽注意：every one 可用於人、事、物，可加修飾語
✽注意：everyone 譯成：每個人、大家，但僅指人，不能加修飾語
✽注意：every one of us，其中 "of us"是修飾語，
主詞仍是 every one，動詞仍須用單數
及物動詞第三句型：S + V + O
3.0 基本句型
例句1：我不懂他的意思
I didn't understand the meaning of his words.
例句2：這男人搶了他所有的錢
The man robbed him of all his money.
(亦即：He was robbed of all his money.)
✽注意："of all his money" 是修飾語
✽注意：搶(rob)的受詞是人，修飾語用 of 導引
偷(steal)的受詞是物，修飾語用 from 導引
例句3：我媽將會照顧這小狗
My mother will take care of the poppy.
✽注意：好好照顧 → take good care of (care是名詞)
✽注意：小心喔 → Take care !
✽注意：Take care 後面若無受詞，不可有介係詞 of
3.1 具同族受詞的動詞：v + 同族受詞
常用的如：dream, sleep, live, die, fight, smile
3.1.1例：
→ I dreamed a strange dream last night.
3.1.2例：在那柔軟的床上我睡了一個好覺
→ I slept a sound sleep in the soft bed.
✽注意：這裡的 sound 是形容詞，譯為：舒適、安逸的
✽注意：voice 只用於人的聲音，sound 可指各種聲音
3.1.3例：她生活不快樂
→ She lived in an unhappy life.
3.1.4例：他死得很慘
→ He died a miserable death.
3.1.5例：他們打了一場勝仗
→ They fought a good fight.
3.1.6例：她笑得很甜
→ She smiled a good smile.
✽注意：laugh 指大笑，smile 指微笑
✽注意：照相時請模特兒笑，要講：say cheese
翻譯練習 1：每天下午有個小販開著小貨車到我們社區來賣菜
→ Every afternoon a vendor drives a pickup to our community to sale vegetables.
✽注意：路邊攤 street vendor，小販 vendor
✽注意：小貨車 pickup，大貨車 truck，垃圾車 garbage truck
✽注意：摘蘋果 pick apple，挖鼻孔 pick norse
✽注意：撿蘋果 pick up apples ，(開車去)接妳 pick you up
✽注意：時間副詞大多擺在句尾，若強調要擺句首也可以
✽注意：「每天」、「每月」、「每年」都是習慣，用現在式
✽注意："to sell" 強調目的性，若順道賣才用 "and sell"
謝孟媛中級文法30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npozDmwA2Gs
翻譯練習 2：他認識我們附近的每一個人，而我們每個人也認識他
→ He knows every one of us in our neighborhood
and every one of us knows him, too.
✽注意：陳述事實用現代式
✽注意：every one 可用於人、事、物，可加修飾語
✽注意：everyone 譯成：每個人、大家，但僅指人，不能加修飾語
✽注意：every one of us，其中 "of us"是修飾語，
主詞仍是 every one，動詞仍須用單數
謝孟媛中級文法30 → 及物動詞第四句型：S + V + O + O
謝孟媛中級文法30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npozDmwA2Gs
✽注意：授予動詞之後的介係詞，要由授予動詞決定
4.1 授予動詞後面用 to 的介係詞
這類動詞如：allow, give, hand, recommend,...write
4.1.1 例：他把錢遞給店員
→ He handed the clerk the money.
= He handed the money to the clerk.
4.1.2 例：老師推薦了這本書給我們
→ The teacher recommended us the book.
= The teacher recommended the book to us.
4.2 授予動詞後面用 for 的介係詞
這類動詞如：bring, choose, make, spare, leave, ...
4.2.1 例：她做了一件新洋裝給她女兒
→ She made her daughter a new dress.
= She made a new dress for her daugher.
4.2.2 例：你可以撥幾分鐘給我嗎?
→ Can you spare me a few minutes?
= Can you spare a few minutes for me?
4.3 授予動詞後面用其他類介係詞
這類動詞較少如：ask ~ of, throw ~ at, play ~ on
4.3.1 例：她問我一個奇怪的問題
→ She asked me a strange question.
= She asked a strange question of me.
4.3.2 例：她對我丟石頭
→ She threw me a stone.
= She threw a stone at me.
4.3.3 例：他對我惡作劇
→ He play me a trick.
= He play a trick on me.
4.4 授予動詞後面的物是代名詞，只能用如下句型
直接受詞(物的代名詞) + 介係詞 + 間接受詞(人)
4.4.1 例： 請把沙拉傳給我
→ Would you please pass me the salad?
= Would you please pass it to me?
✽注意：中式餐桌上的轉盤譯成 lazy suzy
4.4.2 例： 我買腳踏車給你
→ I'll buy you the bike.
= I'll buy it for you.
4.5 授予動詞後面接名詞片語(是：疑問代名詞 + to V)
或名詞子句 (that ~, wether ~)
4.5.1 例： 他告訴我要如何戒菸
→ He told me how to stop smoking.
4.5.2 例： 她告訴我們，不久之後將前往美國
→ She told us that she would leave for America soon.
✽注意：leave for 是片語，譯成→ 前往
✽注意：leave America → 離開美國
✽注意：leave Taiwan for America → 離開台灣到美國
✽注意：leave ~ for ，譯成→ 留~給~
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leave 第三人稱的動詞
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leaf 葉子的複數
翻譯練習 1：他的雙親留(leave)給他一大筆財富(fortune)
→ His parents left him a big fortune.
= His parents left a big fortune for him.
→ His parents left it for him.
✽注意：fortune 可數名詞
及物動詞第四句型：S + V + O + O句型1：S + V(授予動詞) + O(人) + O(物)句型2：S + V(授予動詞) + O(物) + 介係詞 + O(人)
✽注意：授予動詞之後的介係詞，要由授予動詞決定
4.1 授予動詞後面用 to 的介係詞
這類動詞如：allow, give, hand, recommend,...write
4.1.1 例：他把錢遞給店員
→ He handed the clerk the money.
= He handed the money to the clerk.
4.1.2 例：老師推薦了這本書給我們
→ The teacher recommended us the book.
= The teacher recommended the book to us.
4.2 授予動詞後面用 for 的介係詞
這類動詞如：bring, choose, make, spare, leave, ...
4.2.1 例：她做了一件新洋裝給她女兒
→ She made her daughter a new dress.
= She made a new dress for her daugher.
4.2.2 例：你可以撥幾分鐘給我嗎?
→ Can you spare me a few minutes?
= Can you spare a few minutes for me?
4.3 授予動詞後面用其他類介係詞
這類動詞較少如：ask ~ of, throw ~ at, play ~ on
4.3.1 例：她問我一個奇怪的問題
→ She asked me a strange question.
= She asked a strange question of me.
4.3.2 例：她對我丟石頭
→ She threw me a stone.
= She threw a stone at me.
4.3.3 例：他對我惡作劇
→ He play me a trick.
= He play a trick on me.
4.4 授予動詞後面的物是代名詞，只能用如下句型
直接受詞(物的代名詞) + 介係詞 + 間接受詞(人)
4.4.1 例： 請把沙拉傳給我
→ Would you please pass me the salad?
= Would you please pass it to me?
✽注意：中式餐桌上的轉盤譯成 lazy suzy
4.4.2 例： 我買腳踏車給你
→ I'll buy you the bike.
= I'll buy it for you.
4.5 授予動詞後面接名詞片語(是：疑問代名詞 + to V)
或名詞子句 (that ~, wether ~)
4.5.1 例： 他告訴我要如何戒菸
→ He told me how to stop smoking.
4.5.2 例： 她告訴我們，不久之後將前往美國
→ She told us that she would leave for America soon.
✽注意：leave for 是片語，譯成→ 前往
✽注意：leave America → 離開美國
✽注意：leave Taiwan for America → 離開台灣到美國
✽注意：leave ~ for ，譯成→ 留~給~
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leave 第三人稱的動詞
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leaf 葉子的複數
翻譯練習 1：他的雙親留(leave)給他一大筆財富(fortune)
→ His parents left him a big fortune.
= His parents left a big fortune for him.
→ His parents left it for him.
✽注意：fortune 可數名詞
2015年8月31日 星期一
謝孟媛中級文法28 → 及物之連綴動詞第四型
謝孟媛中級文法28 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWIwlY_glT8
第一類連綴動詞：表示狀態
第二類連綴動詞：狀態的變化
第三類連綴動詞：用於表示「似乎...」
第四類連綴動詞： 用於表示「...起來」
例句2
She seems to be an American.
例句3
She appears to know nothing about it.
✽注意: S + seem/appear 後面只能是
1. 形容詞
2. 不定詞 ( to + V)
3. that 引導子句 ( that + S + V)
第四類連綴動詞： 用於表示「...起來」
這類動詞常見的有：feel, smell, look, sound, taste
例句1：(冰摸起來又硬又冷)
Ice feels hard and cold.
✽注意：feel 除了譯成感覺，有時也譯成摸起來
例句2：(這花聞起來很香)
This flower smells very sweet.
✽注意：sweet除了甜，形容花香也用這形容詞
例句3：(這藥嘗起來很苦)
This medicine tastes bitter.
✽注意：medicine(藥的總稱是不可數名詞)
✽注意：吃藥(服藥)的動詞是 take medicine
✽注意：舌頭嚐起來的味道都可以用動詞 taste
✽注意：taste 動詞後面常有的形容詞包括
酸(sour)、甜(sweet)、苦(bitter)、鹹(salty)
◎諺語：葡萄未熟才酸，人無知才自大
Unripe grapes taste sour, ignorance brings about conceit.
● 自習：這湯很鹹
→ This soup tastes really salty.
● 自習：優格有股酸味
→ Yogurt has a sour taste.
✽注意：用於表示「...起來」連綴動詞
1. 「...起來」連綴動詞 + 形容詞
2. 「...起來」連綴動詞後面 + like + 名詞
3. 疑問代名詞 + 「...起來」連綴動詞 + like
例句1：(...看起來如何?)
How does the little tiger look?
→ It looks cute.
例句2：(...看起來像甚麼?)
What does the little tiger look like?
→ It looks like a cat.
補充：(問今天天氣如何?)
How is the weather?
= What is the weather like?
✽注意：feel 用法，可用於三種狀況
1. 「摸起來像...」：feel like + 名詞
2. 「想要... 」：feel like + 名詞/動名詞
(上面的1.和2.的 like 是介係詞)
用於表示「想要...」的句型有三種，
例如：我想要看電影
I want to see a movie.
= I would like to see a movie.
= I feel like seeing a movie.
前兩句後面接不定詞，第三句接動名詞
例句：我就是不想要。(用於不想接受建議、邀約)
I don't feel like it.
3. 某人「漸漸覺得...」：be feeling + 形容詞
例句1：這東西摸起來像毛皮
It feel like fur.
例句2：我現在不想去散步
I don't feel like taking a walk now.
例句3：服藥後，我漸漸覺得好多了
After taking medicine, I'm feeling much better.
= After I took medicine, I'm feeling much better.
翻譯練習 1：它們在我拍的照片裡看起來很生動(lively)
→ They look very lively in the picture(s) which I took.
✽注意：陳述事實用現在式表達就可以了
✽注意：位置的順序，先講位置再講位置修飾語
在我拍的照片→ 先講照片，再講我拍的
✽注意：我拍的→ 翻譯時要譯成：形容詞子句
✽注意：字尾是 ~ly，可能是：副詞、形容詞、名詞
形容詞如：lively, friendly, daily(每天的)
名詞如：daily(日報)
● 自習：你摘的櫻桃(吃起來)很甜
→ These cherries taste sweet which you picked.
● 自習：我們老師講的故事很有趣
→ Those stories sound funny which my teacher told.
謝孟媛中級文法29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DmDQaXq5W8
翻譯練習 2：都市中空氣汙染的問題已經變得越來越嚴重
→ The problem of air pollution in cities has become more and more serious.
● 自習：如果全球暖化加劇，北極熊可能會絕種
→ Polar bears will probably be extinct if global warming becomes worse.
第一類連綴動詞：表示狀態
第二類連綴動詞：狀態的變化
第三類連綴動詞：用於表示「似乎...」
第四類連綴動詞： 用於表示「...起來」
例句2
She seems to be an American.
例句3
She appears to know nothing about it.
✽注意: S + seem/appear 後面只能是
1. 形容詞
2. 不定詞 ( to + V)
3. that 引導子句 ( that + S + V)
第四類連綴動詞： 用於表示「...起來」
這類動詞常見的有：feel, smell, look, sound, taste
例句1：(冰摸起來又硬又冷)
Ice feels hard and cold.
✽注意：feel 除了譯成感覺，有時也譯成摸起來
例句2：(這花聞起來很香)
This flower smells very sweet.
✽注意：sweet除了甜，形容花香也用這形容詞
例句3：(這藥嘗起來很苦)
This medicine tastes bitter.
✽注意：medicine(藥的總稱是不可數名詞)
✽注意：吃藥(服藥)的動詞是 take medicine
✽注意：舌頭嚐起來的味道都可以用動詞 taste
✽注意：taste 動詞後面常有的形容詞包括
酸(sour)、甜(sweet)、苦(bitter)、鹹(salty)
◎諺語：葡萄未熟才酸，人無知才自大
Unripe grapes taste sour, ignorance brings about conceit.
● 自習：這湯很鹹
→ This soup tastes really salty.
● 自習：優格有股酸味
→ Yogurt has a sour taste.
✽注意：用於表示「...起來」連綴動詞
1. 「...起來」連綴動詞 + 形容詞
2. 「...起來」連綴動詞後面 + like + 名詞
3. 疑問代名詞 + 「...起來」連綴動詞 + like
例句1：(...看起來如何?)
How does the little tiger look?
→ It looks cute.
例句2：(...看起來像甚麼?)
What does the little tiger look like?
→ It looks like a cat.
補充：(問今天天氣如何?)
How is the weather?
= What is the weather like?
✽注意：feel 用法，可用於三種狀況
1. 「摸起來像...」：feel like + 名詞
2. 「想要... 」：feel like + 名詞/動名詞
(上面的1.和2.的 like 是介係詞)
用於表示「想要...」的句型有三種，
例如：我想要看電影
I want to see a movie.
= I would like to see a movie.
= I feel like seeing a movie.
前兩句後面接不定詞，第三句接動名詞
例句：我就是不想要。(用於不想接受建議、邀約)
I don't feel like it.
3. 某人「漸漸覺得...」：be feeling + 形容詞
例句1：這東西摸起來像毛皮
It feel like fur.
例句2：我現在不想去散步
I don't feel like taking a walk now.
例句3：服藥後，我漸漸覺得好多了
After taking medicine, I'm feeling much better.
= After I took medicine, I'm feeling much better.
翻譯練習 1：它們在我拍的照片裡看起來很生動(lively)
→ They look very lively in the picture(s) which I took.
✽注意：陳述事實用現在式表達就可以了
✽注意：位置的順序，先講位置再講位置修飾語
在我拍的照片→ 先講照片，再講我拍的
✽注意：我拍的→ 翻譯時要譯成：形容詞子句
✽注意：字尾是 ~ly，可能是：副詞、形容詞、名詞
形容詞如：lively, friendly, daily(每天的)
名詞如：daily(日報)
● 自習：你摘的櫻桃(吃起來)很甜
→ These cherries taste sweet which you picked.
● 自習：我們老師講的故事很有趣
→ Those stories sound funny which my teacher told.
謝孟媛中級文法29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DmDQaXq5W8
翻譯練習 2：都市中空氣汙染的問題已經變得越來越嚴重
→ The problem of air pollution in cities has become more and more serious.
● 自習：如果全球暖化加劇，北極熊可能會絕種
→ Polar bears will probably be extinct if global warming becomes worse.
訂閱：
文章 (Atom)