謝孟媛中級文法35 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBCsjRnZnPw
3. 比較級
3.1 ~比較級 than (比、更)
3.1.1 例句：狗比貓更聰明
→ Dogs are cleverer than cats.
= A dog is cleverer than a cat.
✽注意：非特定的群組，可用單數也可用複數
3.1.2 例句：她英文說得比我好
→ She can speak English better than I (can).
= She can speak English better than me.
✽注意：than 後面可以用主格或受格
✽注意：說某種語言用 speak
✽注意：說謊、說故事用 tell
3.2 ~ the 比較級 + of the two (或 twin、parents)(兩者中較~)
3.2 例句：這把吉他是兩把中較好的
→ This quitar is the better of the two.
✽注意：比較級通常之前不加 the，只有在比較範圍限制在兩者中。
3.2.1 例句：這把吉他是三把中最好的
→ This quitar is the best of the three.
✽注意：最高級前面必加 the
3.3 強調比較級
3.3.0 強調比較級的字：much, even, a lot, a little...等
3.3.1 例句：他家比我家大得多
→ His house is much larger than mine.
✽注意：容量大用 large，體積大用 big，定一包大薯條用 large
✽注意：這句裡形容房子可用 large 也可用 big
3.3.2 例句：你在大城市裡將可找到比在小鎮裡多更多的遊樂場
→ You will find many more amusements in big cities than in small towns.
✽注意：這句裡 more amusements是 many amusements的比較級
✽注意：強調 more amusements 用 many，因為amusement 可數
3.4 ~ less 原級 than (比 ~ 較不 ~)
✽注意：劣等比較用原級
3.4.1 例句：搭公車去不如搭計程車貴
→ Going by bus is not as expensive as going by taxi.
= Going by taxi is more expensive than going by bus.
= Going by bus is less expensive than going by taxi.
✽注意：less 譯作：較不~
謝孟媛中級文法36 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zzfi5eUaXJg
3.4.2 例句：比起米飯，泡麵較不營養
→ Instant noodles are less nutritious than rice.
✽注意：noodle 可數，但正常狀況吃都是複數
✽注意：速食麵是：instant noodles
快速供餐(速食餐)：fast food
3.5 省略 than + 對象
3.5.1 例句：今年我必須更努力學英文，因為我是個三年級學生了
→ I have to study English harder this year because I am a third year student.
✽注意：三年級用 third year student，絕不可用 three year
不論小學、中學都可用
✽注意：這裡的 harder 是修飾 study 的比較級副詞
✽注意：這裡對象都是同樣一個人，所以不用 than
3.5.2 例句： 為什麼你不用一把比較銳利的刀子
→ Why don't you use a sharper knife?
✽注意：這裡 sharper 是跟手上那把比較，但不用再用 than
3.6 more ~ than ~ (譯作：與其 ~ 不如 ~)
3.6.1 例句： 她與其說是生氣不如說是難過
→ She was more sad than angry.
✽注意：不管單音節或多音節的形容詞，在此都加 more
✽注意：既然有 more，後面單音節不可在加 er
3.6.2 例句：與其說是稱讚不如說是討好
→ It is more flettery than praise.
3.7 比較級 and 比較級 (譯作：越來越~、漸漸~)
3.7.1 例句：天色越來越暗 = 天色漸漸變暗
→ It's getting darker and darker.
3.7.2 例句：大學入學考變得越來越難
→ Entrance exams are becomin more and more difficult.
3.8 the 比較級 ~ the 比較級 (譯作：越 形容詞A 越 形容詞B)
3.8.1 例句：年紀漸大，記憶漸差
→ The older we grow, the weaker our memory becomes.
3.8.2 例句：我們越常在一起，越快樂 (出自童謠，當我們同在一起)
→ The more we get together, the happier will be.
3.8.3 例句：我等越久越沒耐心
→ The longer I waited, the less patient I became.
3.8.4 例句：你有越多時間，就能做越多工作
→ The more time you have, the more work you can do.
3.8.5 例句：多多益善
→ The more, the better.
3.9 all the 比較級 for + 名詞 / because + S + V
3.9.1 例句：因為誠實我們更尊敬他
→ We repect him (all) the more for his honesty.
= We repect him (all) the more because he's honest.
✽注意：the more 是修飾 repect 的副詞比較級
3.9.2 例句：因為她是個母親，工作更賣力
→ She works all the harder because she is a mother.
3.9.3 例句：雖然他成為一個父親，他並沒有比較努力工作
→ He worked none the harder because he became a father.
3.10 much less ~ 更不用說 ~
3.10.1 例句：我不喜歡數學更不用說物理
→ I don't like mathematics, much less physics.
✽注意：mathematics 雖字尾有 s，但只一個科目，動詞用單數
Mathematics is not hard.
Physics is harder than mathematics.
3.10.2 例句：這老人無法走更別說跑
The old man can't even walk, much less run.
3.11 有比較級含意的字，不能用比較級，後面介係詞用 to
superior to ~(譯作：優秀)
inferior(譯作：劣於)、senior to ~
junior, major, minor、prior, posterior
✽注意：my inferiors (譯作：我的下屬、我的晚輩)
✽注意：junior high school 國中
✽注意：senior high school 高中
3.11.1 例句：他比我大五歲
→ He is five years older than I (am).
= He is five years older than me.
= He is five years senior to me.
= He is senior to me by five years.
3.12 prefer(譯作：比較喜歡)，是動詞後面接動名詞
prefer Ving to Ving
3.12 例句：我比較喜歡運動，甚於看運動比賽
→ I prefer playing sports to watching them.
3.13 more or less (譯作：多多少少)，修飾形容詞的副詞
3.13 例句：我們猜測多多少少是對的
→ Our guess was more or less correct.
3.14 sooner or later (譯作：遲早)，副詞可獨立
3.14 例句：遲早你會找到你失蹤的孩子
→ Sooner or later you'll find your missing child.
2015年9月10日 星期四
謝孟媛中級文法33~35 → 原級 (形容詞和副詞)
謝孟媛中級文法33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ohAF0ZLvY
2.0 原級(形容詞和副詞)
2.1 ~ as 原級 as ~ (像~一樣)，前面的as是副詞，解釋成一樣
2.1.1 例句：運動像課業一樣重要
→ Sports are as important as studies.
✽注意：中英文的順序有別
2.1.2 例句：他是像他父親一樣好的人
→ He is as nice a person as his father.
✽注意：一個好人 a nice person，但這句 as是副詞， 後面要接形容詞或副詞，所以 nice 往前挪
2.2 ~ not as (so) as ~ (不像~一樣)
2.2.1 例句：他不像他哥哥一樣努力工作
→ He does not work as hard as his brother (does).
✽注意：hard 是副詞，修飾 work
2.2.2 例句：日本製的電動玩具不像台灣製的那麼貴
→ The Japanese video game is not so expensive as the Taiwanese one.
✽注意：這句的 one 指 video game
✽注意：這句的 so 也可用 as
2.3 ~ as many / much + 名詞 + as (像~一樣多的)
2.3.1 例句：她有和她姊姊一樣多的洋裝
→ She has as many dresses as her sister (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 has，可省略
2.3.2 例句：我認識的人不像她那麼多
→ I don't know as many people as she (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 knows，可省略
2.4 ~ times as ~ as ~ (多~倍)
2.4.1.1 例句：這座橋是那座橋的兩倍長
→ The bridge is two times as long as that one.
✽注意：兩次可用 twice = two times
但兩倍不能用 twice
2.4.1.2 例句：那座橋是這座橋的一半長
→ That bridge is half as long as this one.
✽注意：half /h'æf/ 其中 l 不發因
2.4.2.1 進口書的價格是台灣書籍的三倍
→ Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books.
✽注意：這句的 cost 是動詞，指值
2.4.2.1 台灣書籍的價格是進口書的三分之一
→ Taiwanese books cost one third as much as imported books.
✽注意：三分之一是：one third，三分之二是：two thirds
✽注意：可用length(長度)，width(寬度), height(高度), depth(深度), size(大小), weight(重量) 等名詞來表現倍數
謝孟媛中級文法34 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRgHiD4qib8
2.4.3 例句：這箱子是那個的四分之一大
→ This box is one quarter as large as that one.
= This box is one quarter the size of that one.
2.5 as ~ as possible(= one can) 盡可能地
2.5.1 例句：盡快報警
→ Call the police as soon as possible.
= Call the police as soon as you can.
✽注意： police 天生複數，指警方，前面要加 the
✽注意： soon 指時間的快
✽注意： a.s.a.p ASAP = as soon as possible
2.5.2 例句：我告訴他要盡早回家
→ I told him to come home as early as possible.
= I told him to come home as early as he could.
✽注意：這時，我若在家講用 come home，若在外面用 go home
✽注意：tell 後面接的動詞須改為不定詞
✽注意：前面 told是過去式，所以後面 could 也是過去式
2.6 as ~ as 的習慣用語，下面的名詞不能亂改
2.6.1 as busy as a bee (譯成：非常忙碌)
2.6.2 as cool as a cucumber (譯成：極端冷靜)
2.6.3 as cunning as a fox (譯成：十分狡猾)
2.6.4 as dead as a doornail (譯成：了無生息)
2.6.5 as flat as a pancake (譯成：非常平坦)
2.6.6 as sweet as honey (譯成：非常甜美)
2.6.7 as like as two peas (譯成：非常相似)
2.6.7 例句：這對雙胞胎十分相像
→ The twins are as like as two peas.
✽注意：doornail 釘在門上的釘子
✽注意：pancake 煎餅、pea 豆子
2.7 not so much ~ as ~ (與其說 ~ 不如說 ~ )
2.7.1 例句：與其說是犯罪，不如說是過失
→ It was not so much a crime as a mistake.
= It was rather a mistake than a crime.
= It was a mistake rather than a crime.
2.8 not so much as ~ (就連 ~ 也不 ~)
= without so much as ~
2.8.1 例句：這男人就連道歉都沒跟我說 (加強語氣)
→ The man didn't so much as apologize to me.
✽注意：若單獨陳述 The man didn't apologize to me.
2.8.2 例句：他離開我，沒有說聲謝謝
→ He left me without so much as saying thanks.
✽注意：若溫和陳述 He left me without saying thanks.
2.9 as ~ as ever (依舊)
2.9.1 例句：她看起來依舊很快樂
→ She looks as happy as ever.
✽注意：問過去的經驗 did 主詞 ever ~
✽注意：平常的經驗 do 主詞 ever ~
2.9.2 例句：他是有史以來最偉大的藝術家
→ He is as great an artist as ever lived.
✽注意：中文有最，但 as 後面用原級
2.10 as ~ as any + 單數名詞 (像任何人一樣)
2.10.1 例句：他像村子裡任何人一樣努力工作
→ He is as hardworking as any (person) in the village.
✽注意：hardworking 是形容詞
✽注意：這句 person可省略
2.11 as many/much as + 數詞(多達~)
2.11.1 例句：有多達五萬隻的鳥在這裡過冬
→ As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
✽注意：thousand、hundred 前面數字超過一也不加 s
謝孟媛中級文法35 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBCsjRnZnPw
2.11.2 例句：這件毛衣我付了多達200元 (強調語氣)
→ I paid as much as 200 dollars for this sweater.
✽注意：付錢買東西 ：pay + 錢 + for + 物
✽注意：講這句話的人士強調多的語氣
2.12.1 例句： 廣播早在1920開始
→ Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
2.12.2 例句： 他一月看電影多達三次 (強調頻率)
→ He goes to movies as often as three time a month.
2.13 as many/much ~ (同數/量)
2.13.1 例句：我在六行裡找到了六個錯誤 (前後兩數一樣)
→ I found six mistakes in as many lines.
2.13.2 例句：旅行團在五天內造訪了五個城市
→ The tour group visited five cities as many days.
2.14 as good as ~ (幾乎等於 ~)
2.14.1 例句：這房子買的好，就像買棟新的
→ This house is a great buy. It's as good as new.
2.14.2 例句：他的車子幾乎等於一堆垃圾
→ His car is as good as a piece junk.
✽注意：垃圾食物 junk food
2.0 原級(形容詞和副詞)
2.1 ~ as 原級 as ~ (像~一樣)，前面的as是副詞，解釋成一樣
2.1.1 例句：運動像課業一樣重要
→ Sports are as important as studies.
✽注意：中英文的順序有別
2.1.2 例句：他是像他父親一樣好的人
→ He is as nice a person as his father.
✽注意：一個好人 a nice person，但這句 as是副詞， 後面要接形容詞或副詞，所以 nice 往前挪
2.2 ~ not as (so) as ~ (不像~一樣)
2.2.1 例句：他不像他哥哥一樣努力工作
→ He does not work as hard as his brother (does).
✽注意：hard 是副詞，修飾 work
2.2.2 例句：日本製的電動玩具不像台灣製的那麼貴
→ The Japanese video game is not so expensive as the Taiwanese one.
✽注意：這句的 one 指 video game
✽注意：這句的 so 也可用 as
2.3 ~ as many / much + 名詞 + as (像~一樣多的)
2.3.1 例句：她有和她姊姊一樣多的洋裝
→ She has as many dresses as her sister (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 has，可省略
2.3.2 例句：我認識的人不像她那麼多
→ I don't know as many people as she (does).
✽注意：這句的 does代替 knows，可省略
2.4 ~ times as ~ as ~ (多~倍)
2.4.1.1 例句：這座橋是那座橋的兩倍長
→ The bridge is two times as long as that one.
✽注意：兩次可用 twice = two times
但兩倍不能用 twice
2.4.1.2 例句：那座橋是這座橋的一半長
→ That bridge is half as long as this one.
✽注意：half /h'æf/ 其中 l 不發因
2.4.2.1 進口書的價格是台灣書籍的三倍
→ Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books.
✽注意：這句的 cost 是動詞，指值
2.4.2.1 台灣書籍的價格是進口書的三分之一
→ Taiwanese books cost one third as much as imported books.
✽注意：三分之一是：one third，三分之二是：two thirds
✽注意：可用length(長度)，width(寬度), height(高度), depth(深度), size(大小), weight(重量) 等名詞來表現倍數
謝孟媛中級文法34 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRgHiD4qib8
2.4.3 例句：這箱子是那個的四分之一大
→ This box is one quarter as large as that one.
= This box is one quarter the size of that one.
2.5 as ~ as possible(= one can) 盡可能地
2.5.1 例句：盡快報警
→ Call the police as soon as possible.
= Call the police as soon as you can.
✽注意： police 天生複數，指警方，前面要加 the
✽注意： soon 指時間的快
✽注意： a.s.a.p ASAP = as soon as possible
2.5.2 例句：我告訴他要盡早回家
→ I told him to come home as early as possible.
= I told him to come home as early as he could.
✽注意：這時，我若在家講用 come home，若在外面用 go home
✽注意：tell 後面接的動詞須改為不定詞
✽注意：前面 told是過去式，所以後面 could 也是過去式
2.6 as ~ as 的習慣用語，下面的名詞不能亂改
2.6.1 as busy as a bee (譯成：非常忙碌)
2.6.2 as cool as a cucumber (譯成：極端冷靜)
2.6.3 as cunning as a fox (譯成：十分狡猾)
2.6.4 as dead as a doornail (譯成：了無生息)
2.6.5 as flat as a pancake (譯成：非常平坦)
2.6.6 as sweet as honey (譯成：非常甜美)
2.6.7 as like as two peas (譯成：非常相似)
2.6.7 例句：這對雙胞胎十分相像
→ The twins are as like as two peas.
✽注意：doornail 釘在門上的釘子
✽注意：pancake 煎餅、pea 豆子
2.7 not so much ~ as ~ (與其說 ~ 不如說 ~ )
2.7.1 例句：與其說是犯罪，不如說是過失
→ It was not so much a crime as a mistake.
= It was rather a mistake than a crime.
= It was a mistake rather than a crime.
2.8 not so much as ~ (就連 ~ 也不 ~)
= without so much as ~
2.8.1 例句：這男人就連道歉都沒跟我說 (加強語氣)
→ The man didn't so much as apologize to me.
✽注意：若單獨陳述 The man didn't apologize to me.
2.8.2 例句：他離開我，沒有說聲謝謝
→ He left me without so much as saying thanks.
✽注意：若溫和陳述 He left me without saying thanks.
2.9 as ~ as ever (依舊)
2.9.1 例句：她看起來依舊很快樂
→ She looks as happy as ever.
✽注意：問過去的經驗 did 主詞 ever ~
✽注意：平常的經驗 do 主詞 ever ~
2.9.2 例句：他是有史以來最偉大的藝術家
→ He is as great an artist as ever lived.
✽注意：中文有最，但 as 後面用原級
2.10 as ~ as any + 單數名詞 (像任何人一樣)
2.10.1 例句：他像村子裡任何人一樣努力工作
→ He is as hardworking as any (person) in the village.
✽注意：hardworking 是形容詞
✽注意：這句 person可省略
2.11 as many/much as + 數詞(多達~)
2.11.1 例句：有多達五萬隻的鳥在這裡過冬
→ As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
✽注意：thousand、hundred 前面數字超過一也不加 s
謝孟媛中級文法35 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBCsjRnZnPw
2.11.2 例句：這件毛衣我付了多達200元 (強調語氣)
→ I paid as much as 200 dollars for this sweater.
✽注意：付錢買東西 ：pay + 錢 + for + 物
✽注意：講這句話的人士強調多的語氣
2.12.1 例句： 廣播早在1920開始
→ Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
2.12.2 例句： 他一月看電影多達三次 (強調頻率)
→ He goes to movies as often as three time a month.
2.13 as many/much ~ (同數/量)
2.13.1 例句：我在六行裡找到了六個錯誤 (前後兩數一樣)
→ I found six mistakes in as many lines.
2.13.2 例句：旅行團在五天內造訪了五個城市
→ The tour group visited five cities as many days.
2.14 as good as ~ (幾乎等於 ~)
2.14.1 例句：這房子買的好，就像買棟新的
→ This house is a great buy. It's as good as new.
2.14.2 例句：他的車子幾乎等於一堆垃圾
→ His car is as good as a piece junk.
✽注意：垃圾食物 junk food
謝孟媛中級文法32 → 形容詞及副詞之比較
謝孟媛中級文法32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDBNqOiUqJc
(36:15起)
0.0 比較分三級，原級、比較級、最高級
1.0 比較變化：規則變化、不規則變化
1.1 規則變化
1.1.0 原級，比較級：原級 + er，最高級：原級 + est
1.1.0 例：tall, taller, tallest
young, younger, youngest
1.1.1 原級字尾有e：比較級：原級 + r，最高級：原級 + st
1.1.1 例：wise, wiser, wisest (明智的,慎慮的,聰明的)
large, larger, largest
1.1.2 短母音加子音，重複字尾的子音字母，再加：er, est
1.1.2 例：hot, hotter, hottest
big, bigger, biggest
wet, wetter, wettest (最潮濕的)
red, redder, reddest (最紅的)
1.1.3 子音 + y 的字，去y，再加：ier, iest
1.1.3 例：busy, busier, busiest
happy, happier, happiest
1.1.4 多音節(兩個以上)的字，前面加 more, most
1.1.4 例：careful, more careful, most careful
difficult, more difficult, most difficult
謝孟媛中級文法33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ohAF0ZLvY
1.2 不規則變化
1.2.0 這類不多，請乖乖背
1.2.1 例：good, better, best
well, better, best
1.2.2 例：bad, worse, worst
ill, worse, worst
1.2.3 例：many, more, most
much, more, most
1.2.4 例：little, less, least
✽注意：little 有兩個意思，小的、少的
1.2.5 一個字，有兩種比較級、最高級
1.2.5.1 far, farther, farthest 用來表示距離
far, further, furthest 用來表示距離、程度
1.2.5.1.1 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到羅馬遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris.
1.2.5.1.2 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到倫敦遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris is.
1.2.5.1.3 例句：你獲得進一步的消息嗎?
→ Did you get further information?
1.2.5.2 late, later, latest (用於指時間)
late, latter, last (用於指順序)
1.2.5.2.1 例句：他起床比平常晚
→ He got up later than usual.
1.2.5.2.2 例句：故事的後半部一點也不有趣
→ The latter part of the story was not interesting.
1.2.5.2.3 例句：從美國來的最新消息
→ This is the latest news from America.
✽注意：最新消息，這裡的最新不能用 newest，要用 last
✽注意：new 通常指物件新
1.2.5.2.4 例句：這是他最後的工作
→ This is his last work.
1.2.5.3 old, older, oldest (用於指年齡)
old, elder, eldest (用於指長幼)
1.2.5.3.1 例句：他比我年紀大
→ He is older than I.
1.2.5.3.2 例句：我的哥哥在台北
→ My elder brother is in Taipei.
✽注意：elder brother = older brother
(36:15起)
0.0 比較分三級，原級、比較級、最高級
1.0 比較變化：規則變化、不規則變化
1.1 規則變化
1.1.0 原級，比較級：原級 + er，最高級：原級 + est
1.1.0 例：tall, taller, tallest
young, younger, youngest
1.1.1 原級字尾有e：比較級：原級 + r，最高級：原級 + st
1.1.1 例：wise, wiser, wisest (明智的,慎慮的,聰明的)
large, larger, largest
1.1.2 短母音加子音，重複字尾的子音字母，再加：er, est
1.1.2 例：hot, hotter, hottest
big, bigger, biggest
wet, wetter, wettest (最潮濕的)
red, redder, reddest (最紅的)
1.1.3 子音 + y 的字，去y，再加：ier, iest
1.1.3 例：busy, busier, busiest
happy, happier, happiest
1.1.4 多音節(兩個以上)的字，前面加 more, most
1.1.4 例：careful, more careful, most careful
difficult, more difficult, most difficult
謝孟媛中級文法33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ohAF0ZLvY
1.2 不規則變化
1.2.0 這類不多，請乖乖背
1.2.1 例：good, better, best
well, better, best
1.2.2 例：bad, worse, worst
ill, worse, worst
1.2.3 例：many, more, most
much, more, most
1.2.4 例：little, less, least
✽注意：little 有兩個意思，小的、少的
1.2.5 一個字，有兩種比較級、最高級
1.2.5.1 far, farther, farthest 用來表示距離
far, further, furthest 用來表示距離、程度
1.2.5.1.1 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到羅馬遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris.
1.2.5.1.2 例句：倫敦到羅馬要比巴黎到倫敦遠
→ Rome is farther from London than Paris is.
1.2.5.1.3 例句：你獲得進一步的消息嗎?
→ Did you get further information?
1.2.5.2 late, later, latest (用於指時間)
late, latter, last (用於指順序)
1.2.5.2.1 例句：他起床比平常晚
→ He got up later than usual.
1.2.5.2.2 例句：故事的後半部一點也不有趣
→ The latter part of the story was not interesting.
1.2.5.2.3 例句：從美國來的最新消息
→ This is the latest news from America.
✽注意：最新消息，這裡的最新不能用 newest，要用 last
✽注意：new 通常指物件新
1.2.5.2.4 例句：這是他最後的工作
→ This is his last work.
1.2.5.3 old, older, oldest (用於指年齡)
old, elder, eldest (用於指長幼)
1.2.5.3.1 例句：他比我年紀大
→ He is older than I.
1.2.5.3.2 例句：我的哥哥在台北
→ My elder brother is in Taipei.
✽注意：elder brother = older brother
2015年9月2日 星期三
謝孟媛中級文法31-32 → 及物動詞第五句型：S + V + O + C
謝孟媛中級文法31 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80uJqCVCUDs
(自09:10起)
及物動詞第五句型：S + V + O + C
請回顧第二句型：S + V + C
5.1 They found that stranger a spy.
✽注意：這裡的「a spy」是受詞補語(是名詞)
5.2 We must always keep the classroom clean.
✽注意：這裡的「clean」是受詞補語(是形容詞)
5.3 一直工作沒玩樂使得捷克變成呆瓜
→ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
✽注意：這裡是諺語，Jack不能改別的名字喔
✽注意：英文諺語有些固定名字，不能改，例：偷窺狂→ peeping Tom
5.4 明天我打算把我的房子漆成白色
→ I'm going to paint my house white tomorrow.
✽注意：「打算」要譯成 be going to
✽注意：大部分的及物動詞後面的受詞補語是：名詞、形容詞
但有些使役動詞、感官動詞它們可以用：不定詞、分詞 當它們的補語
5.5 使役動詞(一種命令或拜託)
5.5.1 叫~去做~，make (語氣較強硬)、have (語氣較緩和)
5.5.1.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 原形不定詞
例句：我沒辦法讓他了解
→ I can't make him understand it.
✽注意：這裡「understand」是原形不定詞，是補語
5.5.1.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：我沒辦法用英語表達自己
→ I can't make myself understood in English.
5.5.2 let
5.5.2.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：let + O + 原形不定詞
例句：他不讓他女兒獨自外出
→ He wouldn't let his daughter go out alone.
✽注意：讓我獨處 Let me alone.
✽注意：別碰我的東西 Leave my thing alone.
5.5.2.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：let + O + to be + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：他讓工作很快完成
→ He let the work be done soon.
5.5.3 get
5.5.3.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：get + O + to 不定詞
例句：你不需要自己做這件事，我會叫他幫你完成
→ You don't do it by yourself, I'll get him to help you to finish it.
✽注意：這句的 get形式受 will 決定
✽注意：這句的 help 形式受 get 決定
✽注意：這句的 finish 形式受 help 決定
✽注意：help 後面可以用 不定詞或原形都可以
5.5.3.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：get + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
5.5.4 have
5.5.4.1 純粹的被動
例句：我剪頭髮了(如果是別人剪的)
→ I have my hair cut.
✽注意：若自己剪就可以說 I cut my hair.
5.5.4.2 受害的意思
例句：我的錢被偷了
→ I have my money stolen.
5.6 感官動詞
→ 句型1：感官動詞 + O + V (原形動詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型2：感官動詞 + O + Ving (動名詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型3：感官動詞 + O + p.p. (過去分詞) → 代表被動
5.6.1 feel(感覺), see(看), watch(看)
✽注意：see 指眼睛基本功能的看，解釋眼睛看不能用進行式
不能講: I'm seeing a boy.
✽注意：watch 指長時間的看，如：watch TV
例句：我看見這男孩被他爸處罰
→ I saw the boy punished by his father.
✽注意：這裡被處罰，沒有 be 喔 !
5.6.2 look at(注意看、仔細看), notice(注意), observe(觀察)
5.6.3 hear(聽), listen to(仔細聽)
例句1：我聽見我媽在哼一個調子
→ I heard my mother humming a tune.
✽注意：聽到正在進行的事，才用 Ving (動名詞)
例句2：我聽到有東西在牆上碎裂的聲音
→ I heard something crash against the wall.
✽注意：在此 crash 是擬聲，碎裂的聲音
✽注意：「空難、墜機」譯成→ air crash
謝孟媛中級文法32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDBNqOiUqJc
翻譯練習1：經常示威(demonstration)已使台北的交通惡化(worse)
→ Frequent demonstrations have made the traffic in Taipei worse.
✽注意：陳述事實用名詞表現，所以這裡用demonstration
修飾名詞的就須用形容詞 frequent
因為經常示威，所以是複數 demonstrations
✽注意：陳述動作才用動詞表現，例如：他們為和平示威
They demonstated for peace.
翻譯練習2：孩子們總是認(consider)為他們家是天堂(heaven)
→ Children always consider their house a heaven.
✽注意：這裡 Children 前面有沒有加 the 都可以，
若講話時眼前有一群孩子，就加 the
✽注意：heaven 是可數的，所以這句要加冠詞
翻譯練習3：管理階層想要所有的員工準時(punctual)
→ The management want all the employees to be punctual.
✽注意：management 可譯成管理、管理階層
✽注意：employer(雇主)重音在第二音節
employee(員工)重音在第三音節
翻譯練習3.1：老師想要所有學生準時
→ The teacher wants all the students to be punctual.
(自09:10起)
及物動詞第五句型：S + V + O + C
請回顧第二句型：S + V + C
5.1 They found that stranger a spy.
✽注意：這裡的「a spy」是受詞補語(是名詞)
5.2 We must always keep the classroom clean.
✽注意：這裡的「clean」是受詞補語(是形容詞)
5.3 一直工作沒玩樂使得捷克變成呆瓜
→ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
✽注意：這裡是諺語，Jack不能改別的名字喔
✽注意：英文諺語有些固定名字，不能改，例：偷窺狂→ peeping Tom
5.4 明天我打算把我的房子漆成白色
→ I'm going to paint my house white tomorrow.
✽注意：「打算」要譯成 be going to
✽注意：大部分的及物動詞後面的受詞補語是：名詞、形容詞
但有些使役動詞、感官動詞它們可以用：不定詞、分詞 當它們的補語
5.5 使役動詞(一種命令或拜託)
5.5.1 叫~去做~，make (語氣較強硬)、have (語氣較緩和)
5.5.1.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 原形不定詞
例句：我沒辦法讓他了解
→ I can't make him understand it.
✽注意：這裡「understand」是原形不定詞，是補語
5.5.1.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：make/have + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：我沒辦法用英語表達自己
→ I can't make myself understood in English.
5.5.2 let
5.5.2.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：let + O + 原形不定詞
例句：他不讓他女兒獨自外出
→ He wouldn't let his daughter go out alone.
✽注意：讓我獨處 Let me alone.
✽注意：別碰我的東西 Leave my thing alone.
5.5.2.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：let + O + to be + 過去分詞(p.p.)
例句：他讓工作很快完成
→ He let the work be done soon.
5.5.3 get
5.5.3.1 受詞屬於主動
→ 句型：get + O + to 不定詞
例句：你不需要自己做這件事，我會叫他幫你完成
→ You don't do it by yourself, I'll get him to help you to finish it.
✽注意：這句的 get形式受 will 決定
✽注意：這句的 help 形式受 get 決定
✽注意：這句的 finish 形式受 help 決定
✽注意：help 後面可以用 不定詞或原形都可以
5.5.3.2 受詞屬於被動
→ 句型：get + O + 過去分詞(p.p.)
5.5.4 have
5.5.4.1 純粹的被動
例句：我剪頭髮了(如果是別人剪的)
→ I have my hair cut.
✽注意：若自己剪就可以說 I cut my hair.
5.5.4.2 受害的意思
例句：我的錢被偷了
→ I have my money stolen.
5.6 感官動詞
→ 句型1：感官動詞 + O + V (原形動詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型2：感官動詞 + O + Ving (動名詞) → 代表主動
→ 句型3：感官動詞 + O + p.p. (過去分詞) → 代表被動
5.6.1 feel(感覺), see(看), watch(看)
✽注意：see 指眼睛基本功能的看，解釋眼睛看不能用進行式
不能講: I'm seeing a boy.
✽注意：watch 指長時間的看，如：watch TV
例句：我看見這男孩被他爸處罰
→ I saw the boy punished by his father.
✽注意：這裡被處罰，沒有 be 喔 !
5.6.2 look at(注意看、仔細看), notice(注意), observe(觀察)
5.6.3 hear(聽), listen to(仔細聽)
例句1：我聽見我媽在哼一個調子
→ I heard my mother humming a tune.
✽注意：聽到正在進行的事，才用 Ving (動名詞)
例句2：我聽到有東西在牆上碎裂的聲音
→ I heard something crash against the wall.
✽注意：在此 crash 是擬聲，碎裂的聲音
✽注意：「空難、墜機」譯成→ air crash
謝孟媛中級文法32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDBNqOiUqJc
翻譯練習1：經常示威(demonstration)已使台北的交通惡化(worse)
→ Frequent demonstrations have made the traffic in Taipei worse.
✽注意：陳述事實用名詞表現，所以這裡用demonstration
修飾名詞的就須用形容詞 frequent
因為經常示威，所以是複數 demonstrations
✽注意：陳述動作才用動詞表現，例如：他們為和平示威
They demonstated for peace.
翻譯練習2：孩子們總是認(consider)為他們家是天堂(heaven)
→ Children always consider their house a heaven.
✽注意：這裡 Children 前面有沒有加 the 都可以，
若講話時眼前有一群孩子，就加 the
✽注意：heaven 是可數的，所以這句要加冠詞
翻譯練習3：管理階層想要所有的員工準時(punctual)
→ The management want all the employees to be punctual.
✽注意：management 可譯成管理、管理階層
✽注意：employer(雇主)重音在第二音節
employee(員工)重音在第三音節
翻譯練習3.1：老師想要所有學生準時
→ The teacher wants all the students to be punctual.
2015年9月1日 星期二
謝孟媛中級文法29 → 及物動詞第三句型：S + V + O
謝孟媛中級文法29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DmDQaXq5W8
及物動詞第三句型：S + V + O
3.0 基本句型
例句1：我不懂他的意思
I didn't understand the meaning of his words.
例句2：這男人搶了他所有的錢
The man robbed him of all his money.
(亦即：He was robbed of all his money.)
✽注意："of all his money" 是修飾語
✽注意：搶(rob)的受詞是人，修飾語用 of 導引
偷(steal)的受詞是物，修飾語用 from 導引
例句3：我媽將會照顧這小狗
My mother will take care of the poppy.
✽注意：好好照顧 → take good care of (care是名詞)
✽注意：小心喔 → Take care !
✽注意：Take care 後面若無受詞，不可有介係詞 of
3.1 具同族受詞的動詞：v + 同族受詞
常用的如：dream, sleep, live, die, fight, smile
3.1.1例：
→ I dreamed a strange dream last night.
3.1.2例：在那柔軟的床上我睡了一個好覺
→ I slept a sound sleep in the soft bed.
✽注意：這裡的 sound 是形容詞，譯為：舒適、安逸的
✽注意：voice 只用於人的聲音，sound 可指各種聲音
3.1.3例：她生活不快樂
→ She lived in an unhappy life.
3.1.4例：他死得很慘
→ He died a miserable death.
3.1.5例：他們打了一場勝仗
→ They fought a good fight.
3.1.6例：她笑得很甜
→ She smiled a good smile.
✽注意：laugh 指大笑，smile 指微笑
✽注意：照相時請模特兒笑，要講：say cheese
翻譯練習 1：每天下午有個小販開著小貨車到我們社區來賣菜
→ Every afternoon a vendor drives a pickup to our community to sale vegetables.
✽注意：路邊攤 street vendor，小販 vendor
✽注意：小貨車 pickup，大貨車 truck，垃圾車 garbage truck
✽注意：摘蘋果 pick apple，挖鼻孔 pick norse
✽注意：撿蘋果 pick up apples ，(開車去)接妳 pick you up
✽注意：時間副詞大多擺在句尾，若強調要擺句首也可以
✽注意：「每天」、「每月」、「每年」都是習慣，用現在式
✽注意："to sell" 強調目的性，若順道賣才用 "and sell"
謝孟媛中級文法30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npozDmwA2Gs
翻譯練習 2：他認識我們附近的每一個人，而我們每個人也認識他
→ He knows every one of us in our neighborhood
and every one of us knows him, too.
✽注意：陳述事實用現代式
✽注意：every one 可用於人、事、物，可加修飾語
✽注意：everyone 譯成：每個人、大家，但僅指人，不能加修飾語
✽注意：every one of us，其中 "of us"是修飾語，
主詞仍是 every one，動詞仍須用單數
及物動詞第三句型：S + V + O
3.0 基本句型
例句1：我不懂他的意思
I didn't understand the meaning of his words.
例句2：這男人搶了他所有的錢
The man robbed him of all his money.
(亦即：He was robbed of all his money.)
✽注意："of all his money" 是修飾語
✽注意：搶(rob)的受詞是人，修飾語用 of 導引
偷(steal)的受詞是物，修飾語用 from 導引
例句3：我媽將會照顧這小狗
My mother will take care of the poppy.
✽注意：好好照顧 → take good care of (care是名詞)
✽注意：小心喔 → Take care !
✽注意：Take care 後面若無受詞，不可有介係詞 of
3.1 具同族受詞的動詞：v + 同族受詞
常用的如：dream, sleep, live, die, fight, smile
3.1.1例：
→ I dreamed a strange dream last night.
3.1.2例：在那柔軟的床上我睡了一個好覺
→ I slept a sound sleep in the soft bed.
✽注意：這裡的 sound 是形容詞，譯為：舒適、安逸的
✽注意：voice 只用於人的聲音，sound 可指各種聲音
3.1.3例：她生活不快樂
→ She lived in an unhappy life.
3.1.4例：他死得很慘
→ He died a miserable death.
3.1.5例：他們打了一場勝仗
→ They fought a good fight.
3.1.6例：她笑得很甜
→ She smiled a good smile.
✽注意：laugh 指大笑，smile 指微笑
✽注意：照相時請模特兒笑，要講：say cheese
翻譯練習 1：每天下午有個小販開著小貨車到我們社區來賣菜
→ Every afternoon a vendor drives a pickup to our community to sale vegetables.
✽注意：路邊攤 street vendor，小販 vendor
✽注意：小貨車 pickup，大貨車 truck，垃圾車 garbage truck
✽注意：摘蘋果 pick apple，挖鼻孔 pick norse
✽注意：撿蘋果 pick up apples ，(開車去)接妳 pick you up
✽注意：時間副詞大多擺在句尾，若強調要擺句首也可以
✽注意：「每天」、「每月」、「每年」都是習慣，用現在式
✽注意："to sell" 強調目的性，若順道賣才用 "and sell"
謝孟媛中級文法30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npozDmwA2Gs
翻譯練習 2：他認識我們附近的每一個人，而我們每個人也認識他
→ He knows every one of us in our neighborhood
and every one of us knows him, too.
✽注意：陳述事實用現代式
✽注意：every one 可用於人、事、物，可加修飾語
✽注意：everyone 譯成：每個人、大家，但僅指人，不能加修飾語
✽注意：every one of us，其中 "of us"是修飾語，
主詞仍是 every one，動詞仍須用單數
謝孟媛中級文法30 → 及物動詞第四句型：S + V + O + O
謝孟媛中級文法30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npozDmwA2Gs
✽注意：授予動詞之後的介係詞，要由授予動詞決定
4.1 授予動詞後面用 to 的介係詞
這類動詞如：allow, give, hand, recommend,...write
4.1.1 例：他把錢遞給店員
→ He handed the clerk the money.
= He handed the money to the clerk.
4.1.2 例：老師推薦了這本書給我們
→ The teacher recommended us the book.
= The teacher recommended the book to us.
4.2 授予動詞後面用 for 的介係詞
這類動詞如：bring, choose, make, spare, leave, ...
4.2.1 例：她做了一件新洋裝給她女兒
→ She made her daughter a new dress.
= She made a new dress for her daugher.
4.2.2 例：你可以撥幾分鐘給我嗎?
→ Can you spare me a few minutes?
= Can you spare a few minutes for me?
4.3 授予動詞後面用其他類介係詞
這類動詞較少如：ask ~ of, throw ~ at, play ~ on
4.3.1 例：她問我一個奇怪的問題
→ She asked me a strange question.
= She asked a strange question of me.
4.3.2 例：她對我丟石頭
→ She threw me a stone.
= She threw a stone at me.
4.3.3 例：他對我惡作劇
→ He play me a trick.
= He play a trick on me.
4.4 授予動詞後面的物是代名詞，只能用如下句型
直接受詞(物的代名詞) + 介係詞 + 間接受詞(人)
4.4.1 例： 請把沙拉傳給我
→ Would you please pass me the salad?
= Would you please pass it to me?
✽注意：中式餐桌上的轉盤譯成 lazy suzy
4.4.2 例： 我買腳踏車給你
→ I'll buy you the bike.
= I'll buy it for you.
4.5 授予動詞後面接名詞片語(是：疑問代名詞 + to V)
或名詞子句 (that ~, wether ~)
4.5.1 例： 他告訴我要如何戒菸
→ He told me how to stop smoking.
4.5.2 例： 她告訴我們，不久之後將前往美國
→ She told us that she would leave for America soon.
✽注意：leave for 是片語，譯成→ 前往
✽注意：leave America → 離開美國
✽注意：leave Taiwan for America → 離開台灣到美國
✽注意：leave ~ for ，譯成→ 留~給~
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leave 第三人稱的動詞
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leaf 葉子的複數
翻譯練習 1：他的雙親留(leave)給他一大筆財富(fortune)
→ His parents left him a big fortune.
= His parents left a big fortune for him.
→ His parents left it for him.
✽注意：fortune 可數名詞
及物動詞第四句型：S + V + O + O句型1：S + V(授予動詞) + O(人) + O(物)句型2：S + V(授予動詞) + O(物) + 介係詞 + O(人)
✽注意：授予動詞之後的介係詞，要由授予動詞決定
4.1 授予動詞後面用 to 的介係詞
這類動詞如：allow, give, hand, recommend,...write
4.1.1 例：他把錢遞給店員
→ He handed the clerk the money.
= He handed the money to the clerk.
4.1.2 例：老師推薦了這本書給我們
→ The teacher recommended us the book.
= The teacher recommended the book to us.
4.2 授予動詞後面用 for 的介係詞
這類動詞如：bring, choose, make, spare, leave, ...
4.2.1 例：她做了一件新洋裝給她女兒
→ She made her daughter a new dress.
= She made a new dress for her daugher.
4.2.2 例：你可以撥幾分鐘給我嗎?
→ Can you spare me a few minutes?
= Can you spare a few minutes for me?
4.3 授予動詞後面用其他類介係詞
這類動詞較少如：ask ~ of, throw ~ at, play ~ on
4.3.1 例：她問我一個奇怪的問題
→ She asked me a strange question.
= She asked a strange question of me.
4.3.2 例：她對我丟石頭
→ She threw me a stone.
= She threw a stone at me.
4.3.3 例：他對我惡作劇
→ He play me a trick.
= He play a trick on me.
4.4 授予動詞後面的物是代名詞，只能用如下句型
直接受詞(物的代名詞) + 介係詞 + 間接受詞(人)
4.4.1 例： 請把沙拉傳給我
→ Would you please pass me the salad?
= Would you please pass it to me?
✽注意：中式餐桌上的轉盤譯成 lazy suzy
4.4.2 例： 我買腳踏車給你
→ I'll buy you the bike.
= I'll buy it for you.
4.5 授予動詞後面接名詞片語(是：疑問代名詞 + to V)
或名詞子句 (that ~, wether ~)
4.5.1 例： 他告訴我要如何戒菸
→ He told me how to stop smoking.
4.5.2 例： 她告訴我們，不久之後將前往美國
→ She told us that she would leave for America soon.
✽注意：leave for 是片語，譯成→ 前往
✽注意：leave America → 離開美國
✽注意：leave Taiwan for America → 離開台灣到美國
✽注意：leave ~ for ，譯成→ 留~給~
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leave 第三人稱的動詞
✽注意：leaves 可以是 leaf 葉子的複數
翻譯練習 1：他的雙親留(leave)給他一大筆財富(fortune)
→ His parents left him a big fortune.
= His parents left a big fortune for him.
→ His parents left it for him.
✽注意：fortune 可數名詞
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